Data independence can be explained using the three-schema architecture. This means it can protect users and applications from needing to know where data is stored or.Data Independence. GATE CS Original Papers and Official KeysThe DBMS can offer both logical and physical data independence. Logical data independence is a kind of mechanism, which liberalizes itself from actual data stored on the disk. For example, a table (relation) stored in the database and all its constraints, applied on that relation. Logical Data Independence Logical data is data about database, that is, it stores information about how data is managed inside.
![]() The modifications made at the logical level is significant whenever the logical structure of the database is to be changed. The modifications made at the internal level may or may not be needed to improve the performance of the structure. The change in the logical level requires a change at the application level. Any change at the physical level, does not require to change at the application level. Trig help calculatorExample: Add/Modify or Delete a new attribute. Example: Change in compression techniques, Hashing algorithms and storage devices etc. It is concerned with the conceptual schema.
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